Abstract: The occurrence of plum diseases and pests can harm the leaves, flowers, fruits and new shoots, so that causes fall leaves, poor growth of tree, the decline of fruit commerciality and other problems. With the increasing of the plant area of plum in Heilongjiang Province, the occurrence of diseases and pests becomes increasingly serious, which has became an important factor restricting the high yield, good harvest and income efficiency improvement of plum trees. In order to improve the quality and economic benefits of plum cultivation, so we researched to direct at the hazard symptom and occurrence regularity of brown rot, bacterial perforation, red spot, gummosis, and grapholita, aphids, leaf mites, which were the most serious diseases and pets of plum trees in Heilongjiang Province. And the agricultural, physical, biological and chemical prevention comprehensive measures were put forward to provide guidance for the diseases and pests of plum cultivation.