Abstract: Rice,as the most important food crop in my country,is facing the problem of increasing salinization in planting areas and decreasing planting area.Under saline-alkali stress,the germination rate of rice was significantly reduced,the germination was delayed,the growth of seedlings was slow,the number of ears,1 000-grain weight and other indicators decreased,which seriously affected the yield and quality of rice then affects the food security of our country;In order to deepen the understanding of genetic mechanism of saline-alkali tolerance in rice,improve the saline-alkali tolerance ability of rice varieties,and cultivate good saline-alkali tolerance new rice varieties.This paper analyzed the effects of saline-alkali stress on agronomic traits and physiological mechanisms of rice at different growth stages,and summarized the recent research on the physiological mechanisms of rice saline-alkali tolerance from four regulatory pathways,including osmotic regulation,ion balance,antioxidant protection,and hormone regulation.Finally,the research progress of the genetic mechanism of salinity tolerance was briefly described,and the future research on salinity tolerance in rice was prospected.It is necessary to strengthen the research on saline-alkali tolerance in the whole growth period of rice,the comprehensive performance of varieties in each period should be considered in the selection of saline-alkali tolerant varieties,and the interaction mechanism and specific application of saline-alkali tolerant varieties in improving saline-alkali land need in-depth research and analysis.