Composition of Nutrition and Fatty Acids in Silybum marianum Seeds
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摘要: 为促进水飞蓟综合开发和利用，对其蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉及矿质元素含量进行测定，分析氨基酸和脂肪酸成分，系统检测并评估水飞蓟籽实的营养成分。结果表明，水飞蓟籽实中蛋白质含量为12.05%,氨基酸种类丰富，包含人体所需的7种氨基酸（未检测到色氨酸）,EAA/TAA为0.324 0,SRC值为73.3,具有较高的营养价值，第一限制级氨基酸为亮氨酸；淀粉含量为227.25 mg·g-1;水飞蓟籽实中含有丰富的钙、镁、钾、铁、锌、锰、硒等多种人体有益的矿质元素，含量顺序为钙>钾>镁>磷>铁>钠>铝>锌>铜=锰>钼>镍>硼>硒；粗脂肪含量为31.74%,富含29种脂肪酸，其中不饱和脂肪酸11种，占比66.12%,不饱和脂肪酸比例高。综上说明，水飞蓟籽实营养价值非常高，可作为潜在的蛋白质、脂肪酸、淀粉来源，药用和非药用部位都可加工利用，开发潜力巨大。Abstract: In order to promote its comprehensive development and utilization of Silybum Marianum, the content of protein, fat, starch and mineral element were determined, and the amino acid and fatty acid composition were analyzed to systematically dectet and evaluate the nutritional composition. The results showed that the protein content of Silybum marianum seeds was 12.05%, and the variety of amino acids was abundance which included 7 kinds of essential amino acids（tryptophan not detected）. The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids（EAA/TAA） was 0.324 0, and the SRC was 73.3, as well as containing high nutritional value. Leucine was the first limiting amino acid. The starch content of silybum marianum seeds was 227.25 mg·g-1. The variety of mineral elements was abundance, including calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, selenium and other beneficial mineral elements, and the order of content was calcium＞ potassium＞ magnesium＞ phosphorus＞ iron＞ sodium＞ aluminum＞ zinc＞ copper= manganese＞ molybdenum＞ nickel＞ boron＞ selenium. The crude fat content of silybum marianum seeds was 31.74%, which was rich in 29 types of fatty acids, including 11 unsaturated fatty acids, accounting for 66.12%, and had a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. The nutritional value of Silybum marianum seeds was very rich to be used as a potential source of protein, fatty acids and starch. To sum up, it can be processed and utilized in both medicinal and non medicinal parts, with huge development potential.
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Keywords:
- Silybum marianum /
- nutritional composition /
- protein /
- fatty acids
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