Abstract: Lowland is a kind of cultivated soil with low terrain, it is vulnerable to waterlogging. It′s a typical medium-low yield field with lower soil productivity and unstable crop yield. It′s particularly important for stable grain yield and sustainable agricultural development to improve productivity of lowland. This paper analyzed the causes of waterlogging stress in low-lying and waterlogged-prone areas and effects on agricultural production by summarizing literatures, results showed that waterlogging stress changed the physicochemical properties of soil such as permeability, pH and soil organic matter content, affected the activities of enzymes and microorganisms in the soil, inhibited the growth of crop roots, leaves and other organs, which led to crop yield reduction; at the same time, this paper summarized the improvement of cultivated land in low-lying and waterlogged-prone areas from three aspects of agricultural measures, engineering measures and biological measures, it included technologies such as mechanical soil amelioration, cultivation measures, straw return, rotation, organic fertilizer application, field drainage（subsurface drainage, open ditch drainage and mole drainage） and breeding waterlogging tolerance germplasm resources and so on. It proposed research prospects, in order to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of medium-low yield fields under waterlogging stress.