Abstract: Soil salinization will seriously reduce the application value of soil.The improvement of saline-alkali land has become an important way to increase grain yield and available arable land area.This paper mainly analyzed the problem of soil salinization in Heilongjiang Province.Firstly,the cause and current situation of saline-alkali land in Heilongjiang Province and its harm to rice growth were briefly described.Then,the improvement methods of rice saline-alkali land were analyzed from the perspectives of physics,chemistry and biology,and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods were compared.It was concluded that suitable improvement methods should be selected on the basis of comprehensive analysis according to the soil and climate conditions of different regions and the characteristics of rice varieties in the process of rice salinization treatment.In recent years,the improvement of rice saline-alkali land in Heilongjiang Province mainly focuses on the research of rice saline-alkali tolerance genes.Optimization breeding for saline-alkali tolerance can not only efficiently develop and utilize the saline-alkali tolerance resources of rice,but also improve the speed and effect of breeding,accelerate the improvement of saline-alkali land and improve the quality of cultivated land to a greater extent.