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贵州某矿区乡镇饮用水源重金属分布特征及健康风险评价

Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Sources of Typical Mining Towns in Guizhou Province

  • 摘要: 为了解贵州某乡镇饮用水源的重金属浓度及健康风险水平,对该乡镇12个村的饮用水中的8种重金属浓度进行了检测分析,并运用US EPA推荐的健康风险评价模型,估算了经饮水途径下重金属污染物所致的健康危害风险。结果表明:1#村Ni的浓度(63.027μg·L-1)超过了国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》限值。Pearson相关性分析表明,Ni、Cd、As、Pb、Cu之间存在较强的相关性,相关系数均在0.6以上,表明这些元素之间具有一定的同源性或地球化学特性相近。健康风险评价表明,1#村、2#村、3#村、4#村、6#村、10#村、12#村饮用水中Cr所致的成人和儿童的个人平均年健康风险均超过了英国皇家协会等国际机构推荐的最大可接受风险(1.0×10-6a-1),说明长期饮用这7个村的不加处理的地下水或井水会产生一定的致癌风险。儿童健康总风险高于成人,需加强对儿童饮用水安全的控制和管理。Cr、As对成人和儿童健康总风险的平均贡献率均为98.57%,应作为优先控制管理的污染物。

     

    Abstract: In order to understand the concentration of heavy metals and the level of health risk in the drinking water of a township in Guizhou Province,this paper detected and analyzed the concentration of eight heavy metals in the drinking water of 12 villages in the township,and used the health risk assessment model recommended by the US EPA to estimate the health risk caused by heavy metals in the drinking water route.The results showed that the concentration of Ni(63.027μg·L-1)in No.1 village exceeded the limit of national hygienic standard for drinking water.Pearson correlation analysis showed that Ni,Cd,As,Pb and Cu were strongly correlated with the correlation coefficient above 0.6,indicating that these elements have certain homology or similar geochemical characteristics.The average personal annual health risk from Cr in drinking water in the village of 1#,2#,3#,4#,6#,10#and 12#for both adults and children exceeds the maximum acceptable risk recommended by international bodies such as the Royal Society(1.0×10-6·a-1),the long-term drinking ground water or well water without treatment in this 7 villages will produce certain risk of cancer.The total health risk of children was higher than that of adults,so it is necessary to strengthen the control and management of children′s drinking water safety.The average contribution rate of Cr and As to the total risk of adult and child health was 98.57%,which should be taken as the priority pollutants for control and management.

     

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