Abstract: With Chinese rapid urbanization,investigation on the factors influencing nonagricultural employment of landless farmers in underdeveloped region had significance for promoting their livelihood sustainability and achieving precision poverty alleviation.However,our knowledge on the influence remains limited.Based on questionnaires from Anning district in Lanzhou,the responses of landless farmers’ employment to human capital and family endowment were studied by using principal components analysis and principle component regression.The results showed that personal development and family circumstance affected the employment rate.Personal education level,parental education level and the number of offspring were the key factors affected the individual development,while household property income was the key factor to affected the family environment.However,the impact of personal development level was more significant than family circumstance.