Abstract: Black soil is the "pressurizer"and "ballast stone" of grain production in China, which provides important support for ensuring national food security. In order to scientifically protect black soil, improve the quality of black soil arable land, and promote sustainable agricultural development, this paper focused on the protection and utilization of black soil, clarified the characteristics of black soil resource utilization, analyzed the quality degradation status of ’thinning, thinning and hardening’ of black soil in Northeast China, and sorted out the policy plans and protection regulations of black soil protection from three aspects, scientific planning of black soil protection and utilization, implementation of black soil protection project, and steady promotion of black soil protection legislation. Suggestions were put forward from the aspects of strengthening the government′s overall planning and management functions, strengthening financial and policy support, strengthening scientific and technological support, and strengthening publicity and guidance.