Abstract: The combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is an important technology for developing modern agriculture and realizing farmland protection and quality improvement in China. In order to improve the yield and quality of soybean in the cold black soil area, the effects of different organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the yield, quality and planting economic benefits of soybean in the black soil area were studied through a randomized block experiment. The results showed that the combination of 20% organic fertilizer and 80% chemical fertilizer had the best effect. Compared with the non-fertilization treatment, the difference of plant height, number of main stem nodes, number of root nodules, fresh weight per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and weight of 100 seeds per plant reached extremely significant or significant level; Compared with the single fertilizer treatment, the difference of plant height, node number of main stem, nodule number, fresh weight per plant, pod number per plant and grain number per plant of soybean reached a very significant level, and the difference of 100-seed weight of soybean reached a significant level; Compared with the treatment without fertilizer, the yield increased by 34.5%, compared with the treatment with single fertilizer, the yield increased by 10.4%, reaching 2 429.9 kg·ha^-1. Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can increased the content of crude protein, but had little effect on the content of fat. The cost of single application of chemical fertilizer was the lowest, 544.6 yuan·ha^-1, followed by the combination of 20% organic fertilizer and 80% chemical fertilizer, 651.7 yuan·ha^-1; After the cost of fertilizer was removed, the economic benefit of the mixed application of 20% organic fertilizer and 80% chemical fertilizer was the highest, reaching 13 927.7 yuan·ha^-1, which increased the soybean planting benefit by 1 268.1 yuan·ha^-1 compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer.