Abstract: In order to improve and fertilize saline alkali soil and explore the changes of soil aggregates and soil fungal communities,pot experiments were conducted to determine the soil water stable aggregates,soil fungal communities and rice yield at the autumn rice maturity stage by setting up conventional fertilizer treatment,adding straw treatment（9t·ha-1）and straw and microbial bacterial fertilizer treatment,and to explore the effects of straw and microbial bacterial fertilizer on the soil structure,soil microorganisms and rice yield.The results showed that straw addition reduced the soil bulk density and pH,and increased the content of soil organic matter and the number of soil water-stable aggregates.Compared with conventional fertilization,MWD increased by 11.29%in the straw addition treatment,and MWD increased by 19.35%in the straw addition with microbial fertilizer treatment.Straw and microbial fertilizer have a significant effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil.The results of Illumina Miseq showed that straw addition treatment reduced the Alpha diversity of soil fungi,but promoted the abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Compared with conventional fertilization,the straw addition treatment increased rice yield by4.39% and the straw addition with microbial fertilizer increased rice yield by 4.66%.It is suggested that straw addition with microbial fertilizer plays a positive role in saline soil improvement and this treatment is capable of increasing the rice yield.