Abstract: There were some problems in agricultural production in Heilongjiang Province, such as lack of light and simplified intelligent fertilization technology, lack of efficient and intelligent fertilization machinery and equipment, lack of green and environmentally friendly fertilizer, difficult promotion of organic alternative technology, and low utilization rate of straw fertilizer. This paper summarized the implementation of fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement technology in Heilongjiang Province from the aspects of fertilizer reduction, fertilizer efficiency improvement, straw returning, organic fertilizer returning, biochar application, scientific crop rotation and mechanical fertilization, and summarized the relevant measures of fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement in Heilongjiang Province. The research prospects and suggestions on fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement were put forward from the aspects of strengthening the overall management function of government departments, strengthening scientific and technological support, and strengthening publicity and guidance.