Abstract: In order to breed the Qira black sheep breed for multiple birth traits, the genetic resolution of multiple birth traits on the X chromosome of Qira black sheep was investigated by using multiple birth traits and X chromosome molecular markers. One hundred Qira black sheep were selected for genotyping, and PLINKv1.90 was used for quality control. At the same time, SNP loci on the X chromosome and multiparity trait of Qira black sheep were analyzed by association, and SNP loci with P＜0.01 were selected for labeling, and genes near the screened SNP loci were annotated and analyzed, so as to obtain the candidate genes for multiparity on the X chromosome. The results showed that 14 SNPs were significantly associated with X chromosome multiparity in Qira black sheep on a genome-wide scale. A total of 20 candidate genes were screened and analyzed for their biological functions. Six candidate genes were associated with the multiple birth trait, among which, the FTH1 gene has been reported in the literature as a candidate gene for the multiple birth trait.