Abstract:
In order to understand the characteristics of drug resistant gene contamination in the feces of part of large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province, the experiment used metagenomic sequencing technology and, based on the Illumina Hiseq 4000 sequencing platform, analyzed the bacterial flora, antibiotic resistance genes, and gene resistance mechanism types of feces collected from the manure tanks of 6 large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province. The results showed that the fecal sequencing results in the manure tanks of 6 large-scale pig farms showed a total of 963 793 valid sequences obtained this time, being annotated to 155 phyla, 108 classes, 218 orders, 477 families, 2 072 genuses, and 11 824 species; a total of 1 506 antibiotic resistance ontology(ARO) were identified, involving 11 main types of resistance genes, corresponding to 6 main types of resistance mechanisms. The dominant bacterial genera in the feces of large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province were Acinetobacter(12.65%),Prevotella(6.83%) and Pseudomonas(4.03%);the highest average absolute abundance of resistance genes were mainly tetracyclines(19 747.1 mg/kg),aminoglycosides(15 167.7 mg/kg),macrolides(12 533.0 mg/kg) and chloramphenicols(10 646.5 mg/kg),etc. The most types of resistance genes were efflux pumps(20.2%),aminoglycosides(15.1%),β-lactams(13.6%),tetracyclines(10.8%),etc.;the main mechanisms of resistance were antibiotic inactivation(41.4%),antibiotic efflux pump(34.2%),changes in the structure of antibiotic targets(12.5%),etc. In addition, resistance genes colistin(MCR-1/4/5),rifampicin(rphA/B),fosfomycin(fosC2/A2/A5) and oxazolone(optrA) were detected in stool samples of this survey. The results suggested that the feces of large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province were rich in types of bacteria, and had many types of ARO;and there were certain difference in ARO abundance, types and resistance mechanisms. The detection of novel drug resistance type and their representatives ARO indicated that the antibiotic resistance situation of some large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province was very serious, and the advancement of a comprehensive “anti-antibiotic order” can’t be delayed.