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利用宏基因组方法对四川地区规模化养猪场粪便中耐药基因污染特征的研究

Study on the characteristics of drug resistance gene contamination in the feces of large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province using metagenomic method

  • 摘要: 为了解四川地区部分规模化养猪场粪便中的耐药基因污染特征,试验采用宏基因组测序技术,基于Illumina Hiseq 4000测序平台,分析了采集自四川地区6家规模化养猪场粪池中粪便的菌群、抗生素耐药基因、耐药基因的耐药机制类型。结果表明:6家规模化养猪场粪池中的粪便测序结果显示,本次共获得963 793条有效序列,注释到155个门、108个纲、218个目、477个科、2 072个属、11 824个种,共鉴定出1 506个抗生素本体(antibiotic resistance ontology, ARO),涉及11种主要的耐药基因类别,主要对应6种耐药机制类型。四川地区规模化养猪场粪便中菌群的优势菌属是不动杆菌属(12.65%)、普氏菌属(6.83%)及假单胞菌属(4.03%);耐药基因平均绝对丰度最高的主要为四环素类(19 747.1 mg/kg)、氨基糖苷类(15 167.7 mg/kg)、大环内酯类(12 533.0 mg/kg)及氯霉素类(10 646.5 mg/kg)等;耐药基因种类最多的为外排泵类(20.2%)、氨基糖苷类(15.1%)、β-内酰胺类(13.6%)、四环素类(10.8%)等;耐药机制主要为抗生素失活(41.4%)、抗生素外排泵(34.2%)、抗生素靶点结构改变(12.5%)等。此外,本次调查粪便样品中检测出了黏菌素类(MCR-1/4/5)、利福平类(rphA/B)、磷霉素类(fosC2/A2/A5)以及口恶唑酮类(optrA)耐药基因。说明四川地区规模化养猪场粪便中菌群种类丰富,ARO种类多,其ARO绝对丰度、种类及耐药机制存在一定的差异;新型耐药类型及其代表ARO的检出提示四川地区部分规模化养猪场抗生素耐药情况十分严峻,全面"禁抗令"的推进刻不容缓。

     

    Abstract: In order to understand the characteristics of drug resistant gene contamination in the feces of part of large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province, the experiment used metagenomic sequencing technology and, based on the Illumina Hiseq 4000 sequencing platform, analyzed the bacterial flora, antibiotic resistance genes, and gene resistance mechanism types of feces collected from the manure tanks of 6 large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province. The results showed that the fecal sequencing results in the manure tanks of 6 large-scale pig farms showed a total of 963 793 valid sequences obtained this time, being annotated to 155 phyla, 108 classes, 218 orders, 477 families, 2 072 genuses, and 11 824 species; a total of 1 506 antibiotic resistance ontology(ARO) were identified, involving 11 main types of resistance genes, corresponding to 6 main types of resistance mechanisms. The dominant bacterial genera in the feces of large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province were Acinetobacter(12.65%),Prevotella(6.83%) and Pseudomonas(4.03%);the highest average absolute abundance of resistance genes were mainly tetracyclines(19 747.1 mg/kg),aminoglycosides(15 167.7 mg/kg),macrolides(12 533.0 mg/kg) and chloramphenicols(10 646.5 mg/kg),etc. The most types of resistance genes were efflux pumps(20.2%),aminoglycosides(15.1%),β-lactams(13.6%),tetracyclines(10.8%),etc.;the main mechanisms of resistance were antibiotic inactivation(41.4%),antibiotic efflux pump(34.2%),changes in the structure of antibiotic targets(12.5%),etc. In addition, resistance genes colistin(MCR-1/4/5),rifampicin(rphA/B),fosfomycin(fosC2/A2/A5) and oxazolone(optrA) were detected in stool samples of this survey. The results suggested that the feces of large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province were rich in types of bacteria, and had many types of ARO;and there were certain difference in ARO abundance, types and resistance mechanisms. The detection of novel drug resistance type and their representatives ARO indicated that the antibiotic resistance situation of some large-scale pig farms in Sichuan Province was very serious, and the advancement of a comprehensive “anti-antibiotic order” can’t be delayed.

     

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