Abstract: Heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to human living environment and health. With the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, a variety of heavy metal trace elements are widely used in feed additives, leading to the heavy metals in the manure of livestock and poultry will pollute the surrounding environment in the process of composting. In the research of reducing heavy metal pollution in the process of composting, microorganisms show obvious advantages. However, the metabolism of microorganisms is complex, so it is necessary to understand the specific mechanism of mechanism of microbes to reduce heavy metal pollution, so as to adopt appropriate strategies to reduce heavy metal pollution. In this paper, the mechanism and influencing factors of heavy metal pollution such as arsenic, chromium and mercury the process of miroorganism reducing livestock and poultry manure composting were reviewed. It is expected to provide help for the development and popularization of microbial treatment of heavy metal pollution in livestock and poultry manure composting.