Abstract: With the gradual prohibition of antibiotics in livestock breeding at home and abroad, it is imperative to develop antimicrobial drugs to replace antibiotics. Bacteriophages can infect and cleave some types of bacteria, specifically prevent and treat diseases caused by some bacteria, and have no adverse effects on the environment and biological organisms. Therefore, they have become a new direction in the research of antibiotic substitutes. In this paper, the biological characteristics, coding proteins, bacteriophage modification and problems in the development and application of bacteriophages were reviewed in order to provide theoretical basis for the research and application of bacteriophage therapy and prevention of bacteria diseases.