Abstract: With the increasing demand of aquatic products consumption, freshwater fish culture has become an effective way to increase the supply of aquatic products.Heilongjiang Province is rich in freshwater resources and has a variety of freshwater fish species, but the output of freshwater fish is at a low level.Under the condition of the dominant aquaculture area, improving the technical efficiency of freshwater fish culture has become the key of development. In this study, DEA method was selected and Tobit model was build to analyze the basic characteristics, technical efficiency status and influencing factors of the data of 186 demonstration farms of freshwater fish health culture in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the technical efficiency of freshwater fish culture in Heilongjiang Province had not reached optimal state. The technical efficiency of freshwater fish culture was positively and significantly affected by the education level of the farm director, the time of employees engaged in fishing, whether the motor fishing boat was used or not, the area of aquaculture and subsidies. In view of this, The author put forward suggestions as improving the management level of breeding farm, promoting the mechanization of freshwater fish culture and creating the environment for the development of freshwater fish culture.