Abstract: Phage is a virus that infects bacteria and cleave bacteria specifically. Phage can exist in intestinal tract of human and animal, and is released to the external environment through body excretion and exist stably. It plays an important role in gene transfer between bacteria. Phage mediated gene transfer can be divided into generalized transduction and localized transduction. Phage mediated bacterial gene transfer needs to meet the following three conditions: the concentration of phage and bacteria exceeds a certain threshold; the physiological state of bacteria is suitable for phage infection, and environmental factors such as pH value and temperature are suitable for phage infection. Phage mediated gene transfer brings many problems to public health and animal husbandry. Therefore, the anthor reviewed the transduction methods of phage mediated gene transfer, analyzed the factors affecting gene transfer, introduced the application of phage mediated gene transfer, and put forward the problems to be solved in the process of phage mediated gene transfer, in order to provide reference for the study of gene transfer in the environment.