Abstract: In recent years, Yichang city continues to promote sheep brucellosis（hereinafter referred to as brucella） purification work. In 2016, the purification of sheep brucella was launched in Yichang City. With the goal of establishing the first municipal demonstration area of sheep brucella purification in China, the monitoring of sheep brucella should be strengthened and the whole-process supervision of sheep industry chain should be strengthened. In view of the fact that sheep farming in Yichang City is dominated by free-range households, this study for the first time took all free-range households in a single township as a production unit and constructed a risk assessment and grading system of free-range sheep brucella in the township. The risk assessment of sheep’s brucella in free-range villages and towns in Yichang City was carried out twice from two aspects of free-range households and the service capacity of animal husbandry and veterinary service institutions. The results showed that after two risk assessments, the number of villages and towns with the overall risk grade of medium risk or high risk decreased from 56 in the first risk assessment to 12 in the second risk assessment. The number of townships with medium risk in the service capacity risk level of animal husbandry and veterinary service institutions in free-range townships decreased from 48 in the first risk assessment to 38 in the second risk assessment, and the number of townships with low risk increased from 38 in the first risk assessment to 80 in the second risk assessment. There were no high-risk townships in the two risk assessments. In the first risk grade assessment, the number of free-range villages and towns with the risk grade of medium risk was 12; the number of low-risk villages and towns was 74, and there was no high risk township. In the second risk assessment, all towns in Yichang City were low risk. The risk assessment and classification system of free-range sheep brucella in rural villages constructed in this study was conducive to reduce the cost and difficulty of supervision, which conformed to the actual epidemic prevention of sheep brucella at grass-roots level, so that evaluation was easy to carry out at grass-roots level. It can provide scientific guidance for the construction of sheep’s disease purification area.