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规模化猪场碳排放特性研究

Study on carbon emission characteristics of large-scale pig farms

  • 摘要: 推动低碳发展建设研究,探讨实现碳达峰路径,并在此基础上实现碳中和目标,已成为当下我国应对气候变化和加强生态文明建设的首要任务。本研究以山东省烟台市某规模化猪场为研究对象,通过测算该猪场生猪生长过程和粪便贮存过程CH4和N2O排放量、粪便农田利用过程N2O排放量,以及能源消耗CO2排放量,对生猪养殖过程中各排放源的碳排放特性进行分析。结果表明:该猪场生猪肠道发酵CH4排放CO2当量仅占生猪生长过程温室气体排放总量的6.4%,而生猪呼出CO2排放占比高达93.6%;粪便贮存过程N2O排放CO2当量仅占粪便贮存过程温室气体排放总量的15.2%,占粪便贮存过程CH4排放CO2当量的17.9%;农田利用过程N2O直接排放量为间接排放量的10倍;耗煤、耗电、耗油CO2排放量分别占能源消耗CO2排放总量的74.5%、23.8%和1.7%;该猪场温室气体年均排放CO2当量为5.10×10~6 kg,其中生猪生长过程、粪便贮存过程、粪便农田利用过程、能源消耗分别占比为50.9%、26.0%、6.6%和16.5%;生猪生长过程是猪场温室气体排放的主要来源,而在不考虑生猪呼出CO2排放量的前提下,粪便贮存过程温室气体排放量是决定猪场温室气体排放量高低的主要因素。鉴于此,笔者提出饲喂低水平粗蛋白日粮、优化粪便贮存方式及改变粪便施用方法的建议。

     

    Abstract: It has become the primary task for China to respond to climate change and strengthen the construction of ecological civilization to promote the research of low-carbon development and construction, discuss the path to achieve carbon peak, and realize the goal of carbon neutrality on this basis. This study took a large-scale pig farm in Yantai City, Shandong Province as the research object, and analyzed the carbon emission characteristics of all emission sources in the pig breeding process by measuring the CH4 and N2O emissions in the pig growing process, manure storage process, N2O emissions in the manure farmland utilization process, and energy consumption CO2 emissions. The results showed that the CO2 equivalent emission from intestinal fermentation of CH4 was only 6.4% of the total annual greenhouse gas emission, while the exhaled CO2 emission from pigs accounted for 93.6%. The CO2 equivalent of N2O emission during fecal storage only accounted for 15.2% of the total annual greenhouse gas emission during fecal storage, and 17.9% of the CO2 equivalent emission from CH4 during fecal storage. The direct emission of N2O was 10 times of the indirect emission. CO2 emissions from coal consumption, electricity consumption and oil consumption accounted for 74.5%, 23.8% and 1.7% of total CO2 emissions from energy consumption, respectively. The average annual greenhouse gas CO2 equivalent emission of the pig farm was 5.10×10~6 kg, in which pig growth, manure storage, manure utilization and energy consumption accounted for 50.9%, 26.0%, 6.6% and 16.5%, respectively. The growth process of pigs was the main source of greenhouse gas emissions from pig farms. Without considering the exhaled CO2 emissions of pigs, the greenhouse gas emissions from manure storage were the main factors to determine the level of greenhouse gas emissions from pig farms. In view of this, the authors put forward some suggestions on feeding low crude protein diet, optimizing manure storage mode and changing manure application method.

     

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