Abstract: Coding and non-coding RNA（cncRNA）,also known as bifunctional RNA,is a new type of RNA molecule with both non-coding regulatory functions and protein-coding functions. It can not only exert its gene regulation function through non-coding RNA mechanism,such as acting as molecular bait or direct binding,acting as a scaffold to block molecules and transport nuclear protein complexes,and acting as a signal sensor to sense metabolite changes and regulate protein expression. Functional micropeptide products can also be encoded by small open reading frame（sORF） structure to participate in body life activities. In this paper,the main functions and molecular mechanisms of cncRNA were summarized,and the existing problems and application prospects of cnc RNA research were prospected,in order to provide a certain reference for the future research and development of cnc RNA.