Abstract:
In order to better utilize the advantages of pork quality of fresh, tender, and unique flavor of highland Tibet pig for the development of characteristic pig breeding industry in Jiangsu province, in the experiment, Tibet pigs were carried out to have pure breeding(eight litters of mating between Tibet boars and Tibet sows, recorded as T♂×T♀ group) and cross breeding(ten litters of mating between Jiangquhai boars and Tibet sows, recorded as J♂×T♀ group; five litters of mating between Tibet boars and Jiangquhai sows, recorded as T♂×J♀ group). Reproductive performance indexes(total litter size, live litter size, birth litter weight, birth weight and 45-day-old weaning litter weight, weight of piglets at weaning, litter weaning head number and litter weaning survival rate),daily gain and daily feed consumption of F1 offspring pigs at lactation stage and nursery stage, and daily gain, daily feed consumption and feed-gain ratio of F1 offspring pigs at fattening stage were determined in each group. Six pigs were selected from each group for the determination of slaughter performance indexes(carcass weight, slaughter rate, backfat thickness, lean meat weight, fat weight, lean meat percentage, carcass straight length and oblique length) and meat quality indexes(eye muscle area, meat color, marbling, pH
1 h value, water-holding capacity, and shear force). The results showed that the total litter size, the live litter size and the 45-day-old litter weaning head number in the T♂×J♀ group were significantly higher than those in the J♂×T♀ and T♂×T♀ groups(P<0.01); the 45-day-old litter weaning litter weight and the weaning weight in the T♂×T♀ group were significantly lower than those in the T♂×J♀ and J♂×T♀ groups(P<0.01); there were no significant differences in birth litter weight, birth weight and litter weaning survival rate among the three groups(P>0.05). During lactation stage, the daily weight gain and daily feed consumption in the J♂×T♀ group and the T♂×J♀ group were significantly higher than those in the T♂×T♀ group(P<0.05). During nursery stage, the daily weight gain in the T♂×J♀ group was significantly higher than that in the J♂×T♀ and T♂×T♀ groups(P<0.01), and the daily feed consumption in the J♂×T♀ group was significantly higher than that in the T♂×T♀ group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in T♂×J♀ group(P>0.05).In the fattening stage, the daily weight gain in the J♂×T♀ group and the T♂×J♀ group was significantly higher than that in the T♂×T♀ group(P<0.05), the daily feed consumption and feed-gain ratio in the T♂×J♀ group were significantly lower than those in the T♂×T♀ and J♂×T♀ groups(P<0.01), and the feed-gain ratio in the J♂×T♀ group was significantly lower that in the T♂×T♀ group(P<0.05). The slaughter rate in the J♂×T♀ group was higher than that in the T♂×T♀ group(P<0.05) and the T♂×J♀ group(P>0.05), and the lean meat rate was significantly higher than that in the T♂×T♀ group and the T♂×J♀ group(P<0.01).The fat weight in the T♂×J♀ group was higher than that in the J♂×T♀ group(P<0.05) and the T♂×T♀group(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in backfat thickness among three groups(P>0.05). The meat color in the T♂×T♀ group and the J♂×T♀ group was significantly higher than that in the T♂×J♀ group(P<0.01), the pork marbling in the J♂×T♀ group was significantly higher than that in the T♂×T♀ group and the T♂×J♀ group(P<0.01), the index of pH
1 h value in the T♂×T♀ group was significantly higher than that in the J♂×T♀ group and the T♂×J♀ group(P<0.05), the water-holding capacity in the J♂×T♀ group was significantly higher than that in the T♂×T♀group and the T♂×J♀ group(P<0.05), the shear force in the J♂×T♀ group and T♂×J♀ group was significantly higher than that in the T♂×T♀ group(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in eye muscle area among three groups(P>0.05). The results indicated that the reproductive performance, growth and fattening performance, and slaughter performance in filial generation of Jiangquhai pigs and Tibet pigs were improved to varying degrees compared with purebred Tibet pigs. Tibet pig as male parent and Jiangquhai pig as female parent have better germplasm utilization value.