Abstract: In order to compare differece of blood physiological and biochemical indexes of red deer at different altitudes, four red deer species were divided into two groups according to their growing altitude, namely low altitude group（Tianshan red deer, Altai red deer） and high altitude group（Qinghai red deer, Gansu red deer）. After blood collection, 12 blood physiological indexes and 14 blood biochemical indexes were determined. The results show that among the 12 blood physiological indexes, the variation coefficient of hemoglobin concentration, total number of red blood cells, hematocrit and coefficient variations of red blood cell distribution width in the high altitude group were significantly higher than those in the low altitude group（P＜0.01）, and the total number of platelet was significantly higher than that in the low altitude group（P＜0.05）. The mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width were slightly higher than those in the low altitude group, but the difference was not significant（P＞0.05）. The mean hemoglobin content, mean hemoglobin concentration, mean RBC volume, standard deviation of RBC distribution width and platelet pressure were significantly lower than those in the low altitude group（P＜0.01）. In 14 blood biochemical indexes, the high altitude group of blood urea nitrogen concentration, concentration of calcium, concentration of total protein, albumin, albumin and globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly higher than those of low altitude group（P＜0.01）; creatinine concentration, glutamine transferase activity and total bilirubin concentration and the concentration of cholesterol were significantly lower than that of low altitude group（P＜0.01）. There were no significant differences in phosphorus ion concentration, alanine aminotransferase activity, blood glucose concentration and globulin concentration between the two groups（P＞0.05）. The results indicated that there were significant differences in blood physiological and biochemical indexes of red deer at different elevations, and red deer at high elevations had physiological characteristics of hypoxic adaptation.