Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-α（PGC-1α） is a transcriptional coactivator, which can induce mitochondrial proliferation, adapt to thermogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and glucose absorption and utilization and other energy metabolism processes, and participate in the transformation of muscle fiber types, heart development and other physiological activities. It is also closely related to diabetes, obesity, cardiomyopathy, and nerve deformation. The author reviewed the progress of research on the relationship between PGC-1α and skeletal muscle energy metabolism and muscle fiber type conversion, in order to provide a new thinking direction for the regulation of bone energy metabolism and muscle fiber type transformation.