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某奶牛场饲用玉米霉菌毒素的检测及霉菌的分离鉴定

Detection of mycotoxin and identification of isolated mold in feed corn in a dairy farm

  • 摘要: 为了解某奶牛场饲用玉米中霉菌的污染情况,试验多次、多点采集饲用玉米样品5份,采用ELISA法测定样品中黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1, AFB1)、呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol, DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)、赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A, OTA)的含量,并分离样品中的霉菌,通过形态观察、PCR扩增和系统发育分析对其进行鉴定。结果表明:5份样品中AFB1、DON、ZEN的检出率均为100%,OTA均未检出,其中1份样品中AFB1含量超过国家限量标准,超标率为20%;DON和ZEN在所有样品中均未超标。经形态观察、PCR扩增和系统发育分析,最终从饲用玉米样品中鉴定出三种霉菌,即黄曲霉菌、索状青霉菌和增殖镰刀菌。说明该奶牛场饲用玉米饲料受到了黄曲霉菌、索状青霉菌、增殖镰刀菌所产生的多种霉菌毒素的污染。

     

    Abstract: In order to find out the contamination of mycotoxins and mold in feeding corn of a dairy farm, five samples of feeding corn were collected at multiple points and multiple times. The contents of aflatoxin B1(AFB1), deoxynivalenol(DON), zearalenone(ZEN), and ochratoxin A(OTA) in samples were tested by ELISA. The molds in the samples were isolated and identified by morphological observation, PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the detection rates of AFB1, DON and ZEN in five samples were 100%, and OTA was not detected. Among them, AFB1 content in one sample exceeded the national limit standard, which was 20% higher than the standard rate. DON and ZEN did not exceed the standard in all samples. After morphological observation, PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis, three kinds of fungi were identified from the feed corn samples, namely Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium coriculatum and Fusarium proliferate. The results indicated that the feed corn of the dairy was contaminated by a variety of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium coriculatum and Fusarium proliferate.

     

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