Abstract: In order to develop and utilize camel hair fiber resources scientifically and rationally, the camel hair fiber samples of 217 peaks of Xinjiang bactrian camel were collected. The length, diameter and strength（breaking strength, breaking strength, breaking elongation and breaking elongation） of camel hair fiber were tested; the frequency distribution of each quality character of camel hair fiber was analyzed; the effects of age, sex and wool color on quality traits of camel hair fiber was analyzed, and the correlation between each quality character was also analyzed. The results showed that the length of camel hair fiber ranged from 2.48 cm to 10.56 cm. The fiber diameter ranged from 10.07 μm to 19.80 μm, and the variation coefficient of fiber diameter ranged from 4.11% to 29.39%. The fracture strength ranged from 0.74 cN to 11.98 cN. The fracture strength ranged from 0.06 cN/dtex to 1.00 cN/dtex. The breaking elongation ranged from 1.42 mm to 6.22 mm. The elongation at break ranged from 14.16% to 62.24%. The fiber length, fiber diameter, breaking stress, breaking strength, elongation at break and elongation at break of 1-year-old brown female camels were significantly lower than those of adult brown female camels（P＜0.05）, and the variation coefficient of fiber diameter was slightly lower than that of adult brown female camels, but the difference was not significant（P＞0.05）. The breaking elongation of 1-year-old brown male camels was significantly higher than that of 1-year-old brown female camels（P＜0.05）, but there were no significant differences in other fiber quality traits between them（P＞0.05）. There were no significant differences in fiber quality between 1-year-old brown female camels and 1-year-old white female camels（P＞0.05）. Fiber length was significantly positively correlated with fiber diameter（P＜0.01）, and with breaking stress and breaking strength（P＜0.05）, but had no significant correlation with variation coefficient of fiber diameter, elongation at break and the ratio of elongation at break（P＞0.05）. There was no significant correlation between fiber diameter and variation coefficient of fiber diameter（P＞0.05）, but there was extremely significant positive correlation between fiber diameter and breaking stress, breaking stress, breaking elongation and elongation at break（P＜0.01）. There was no significant correlation between variation coefficient of fiber diameter and breaking stress, breaking strength, elongation at break and the ratio of elongation at break（P＞0.05）. There was a significant positive correlation between breaking stress and breaking strength, elongation at break and the ratio of elongation at break（P＜0.01）, and the correlation coefficient between breaking stress and breaking strength was 0.999. Fracture strength was positively correlated with elongation at break and the ratio of elongation at break（P＜0.01）. There was a significant positive correlation between elongation at break and the ratio of elongation at break（P＜0.01）. The results indicated that age had the most significant effect on quality traits of camel hair fiber. The interaction of quality characters should also be considered in breeding and textile processing.