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不同混合比例和青贮制剂组合对紫花苜蓿与甜高粱裹包青贮饲料营养成分与发酵品质的影响

Effects of different mixing proportion and silage preparation combinations on nutrient composition and fermentation quality of wrapped mixed silage of alfalfa and sweet sorghum

  • 摘要: 为了研究不同混合比例与青贮制剂组合对紫花苜蓿和甜高粱裹包青贮饲料营养成分与发酵品质的影响,试验以紫花苜蓿和甜高粱为原料,按照鲜重比为100∶0(A1S0)、75∶25(A3S1)、50∶50(A1S1)、25∶75(A1S3)、0∶100(A0S1)进行裹包青贮,每种比例再设3种青贮制剂处理分别为0.01 g/kg乳酸菌(LAB)、0.005 g/kg纤维素酶(E)、0.01 g/kg乳酸菌+0.005 g/kg纤维素酶(LE)处理和零添加对照(CK)处理,青贮60 d后测定裹包青贮饲料的营养成分和发酵品质。结果表明:当青贮制剂相同时,随着混合原料中紫花苜蓿比例的降低、甜高粱比例的增加,各处理的干物质、粗蛋白含量大体呈现降低趋势,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和可溶性碳水化合物含量大体呈现升高趋势;当混合比例相同时,LAB、E和LE处理的干物质、粗蛋白和可溶性碳水化合物含量均高于CK处理,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量基本低于CK处理(A1S0混合比例LAB处理的中性洗涤纤维、LE处理的酸性洗涤纤维,A0S1混合比例LAB处理的酸性洗涤纤维除外);仅A1S3混合比例E和LE处理、A0S1混合比例LAB、E和LE处理的可溶性碳水化合物含量大于6%。当青贮制剂相同时,随着混合原料中紫花苜蓿比例的减少、甜高粱比例的增加,各处理的pH值、氨态氮/总氮、丙酸和丁酸含量大体呈现降低趋势,乳酸含量大体呈现升高趋势,乙酸含量无明显规律性变化。当混合比例相同时,LAB、E和LE处理的pH值和氨态氮/总氮均低于CK处理,乳酸含量均高于CK处理;LE处理的pH值均最低,乳酸含量均最高。混合比例和青贮制剂的交互作用对可溶性碳水化合物含量、乳酸、丙酸和丁酸的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),对中性洗涤纤维和乙酸含量的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05);混合比例对所有营养成分指标和发酵品质指标的影响均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);青贮制剂对干物质含量、pH值和乙酸含量达到显著水平(P<0.05),对其他营养成分和发酵品质指标的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。说明紫花苜蓿比例越低、甜高粱比例越高,青贮的饲用价值就越低,但发酵品质越好,添加乳酸菌和(或)纤维素酶可不同程度改善青贮饲料营养成分与发酵品质。在本试验条件下综合来看,推荐将0.01 g/kg乳酸菌+0.005 g/kg纤维素酶作为青贮制剂,并将紫花苜蓿与甜高粱以鲜重比25∶75进行裹包青贮。

     

    Abstract: In order to study the effects of different mixing ratio and silage preparation combination on the quality of alfalfa and sweet sorghum wrapped mixed silage, alfalfa and sweet sorghum were used as raw materials, and mixed ensilage was carried out according to the ratio of fresh weight to mass of 100∶0(A1 S0), 75∶15(A3 S1), 50∶50(A1 S1), 15∶75(A1 S3) and 0∶100(A0 S1). Each proportion was treated with three silage preparations(0.01 g/kg lactic acid bacteria LAB, 0.005 g/kg cellulase E, 0.01 g/kg lactic acid bacteria+0.005 g/kg cellulase LE treatments), and zero addition control(CK) treatment. After 60 days of silage, the nutrient composition, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the packaged silage were determined. The results showed that when the silage preparation was the same, with the proportion of alfalfa in the mixture decreased and the proportion of sweet sorghum increased, the contents of dry matter and crude protein in each additive treatment showed a general trend of decrease, while the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and soluble carbohydrate showed a general trend of increase. When the mixing ratio was the same, the contents of dry matter, crude protein and soluble carbohydrate in the LAB, E and LE treatments were higher than those in CK treatment, and the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were lower than those in CK treatment mainly(except the neutral detergent fiber in the LAB treatments with the mixing ratio of A1 S0,the acid detergent fiber in the LE treatments with the mixing ratio of A1 S0 and the acid detergent fiber in the LAB treatments with the mixing ratio of A0 S1). Soluble carbohydrate content was greater than 6% only in the A1 S3 mixture ratio E and LE treatments, and A0 S1 mixture ratio LAB, E and LE treatments. When the silage preparation treatment was the same, with the proportion of alfalfa in mixed raw materials decreased and the proportion of sweet sorghum increased, the pH value, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen, propionic acid and butyric acid contents showed a general decreasing trend; the lactic acid content showed a general increasing trend, and the acetic acid content did not change regularly. When the mixing ratio was the same, the pH value and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen in the LAB, E and LE treatments were lower than those in the CK treatment, and the content of lactic acid was higher than that of CK treatment. The pH value in the LE treatment was the lowest, and the lactic acid content was the highest. The interaction of mixing ratio and silage preparation had significant effects on the contents of soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, and aerobic stability(P<0.01), and had significant effects on the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acetic acid(P<0.05). The effects of mixing ratio on all nutrient composition indexes, fermentation quality indexes were extremely significant(P<0.01). The silage preparation had significant effects on dry matter content, pH value and acetic acid content(P<0.05), and very significant effects on other nutrients, fermentation quality indexes(P<0.01). These results indicated that the lower the proportion of alfalfa and the higher the proportion of sweet sorghum was, the lower the feeding value of silage has, but the better the fermentation quality was. The addition of lactic acid bacteria and/or cellulase could improve the nutrient composition and fermentation quality of silage to varying degrees. In summary, it is recommended to use 0.01 g/kg lactic acid bacteria + 0.005 g/kg cellulase as the silage preparation, and to ensilage alfalfa and sweet sorghum at the fresh weight ratio of 25∶75.

     

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