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生猪规模养殖粪污资源化利用模式综合效益评价——以湖南省为例

Comprehensive benefit evaluation of manure and sewage resource utilization model in large-scale pig breeding farms——Take Hunan Province as an example

  • 摘要: 为了给养殖场择优选取适宜的粪污资源化利用模式提供参考,研究基于湖南省生猪规模养殖场的实地调研数据,以四种养殖粪污资源化利用典型模式(种养结合-全量还田模式、种养结合-能源化模式、清洁回用模式、达标排放模式)为研究对象,从经济、生态、社会三方面构建指标体系,运用TOPSIS综合评价法对不同规模养殖场的四种粪污资源化利用模式进行了综合效益评价。结果表明:小规模养殖场综合效益由高到低依次为清洁回用模式、种养结合-全量还田模式、种养结合-能源化模式、达标排放模式;中规模养殖场综合效益由高到低依次为种养结合-全量还田模式、清洁回用模式、种养结合-能源化模式、达标排放模式;大规模养殖场综合效益由高到低依次为清洁回用模式、种养结合-能源化模式、种养结合-全量还田模式、达标排放模式。说明对于小规模和大规模养殖场而言,清洁回用模式是首选;而对于中规模养殖场而言,种养结合-全量还田模式是首选。最后提出培育第三方服务主体,开展多元服务;完善激励制度,放大经济诱导作用;实施分类管理,提升示范带动作用;抓好技术队伍,提高技术服务水平的对策建议。

     

    Abstract: In order to provide reference for the preferential selection of the manure and sewage resource ultilization model, this study took four typical modes of fecal and sewage resource utilization in breeding as the research objects(the mode of combining planting and raising with full amount return to the field, the mode of combining planting and raising with energy, the mode of clean reuse and the mode of standard discharge) based on the field survey data of large-scale pig farms in Hunan Province. An index system was constructed from three aspects of economy, ecology and society, and the comprehensive benefits of four manure utilization modes of different scale farms were evaluated by using TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that the comprehensive benefits of small-scale breeding farms from high to low were the mode of clean reuse, the mode of combining planting and raising with full amount return to the field, the mode of combining planting and raising with energy, and mode of standard discharge. The comprehensive benefits of medium-scale breeding farms from high to low were the mode of clean reuse, the mode of combining planting and raising with full amount return to the field, the mode of combining planting and raising with energy, and the mode of standard discharge. The comprehensive benefits of large-scale breeding farms from high to low were the mode of clean reuse, the mode of combining planting and raising with energy, the mode of combining planting and raising with full amount return to the field, and the mode of standard discharge. It indicated that the mode of clean reuse was the first choice for small-scale and large-scale breeding farms. For medium-scale farms, the mode of combining planting and raising with full amount return to the field was the first choice. Finally, the focal points of constructing the long-term mechanism of pig manure utilization were put forward: cultivating the third-party service subjects and carrying out diversified services; optimizing incentive system, enlarging economic inducement effect; implementing classified management and enhancing demonstration and leading role; paying attention to the technical team, improving the technical service level of countermeasures and suggestions.

     

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