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猪肠源型枯草芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

Isolation and identification of pig gut-derived Bacillus subtilis and study on its biological characteristics

  • 摘要: 为了筛选具有优良生物活性的猪肠源型枯草芽孢杆菌,差异化开发出功能性微生态制剂,试验以高温孵育的健康猪肠道内容物为分离基质,金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,通过胆盐耐受性分离、指示菌的对峙培养和产酶试验进行菌株筛选,并综合菌株形态特征及16S rDNA基因序列进行鉴定。另外,采用琼脂扩散法对菌株发酵上清液进行抑菌谱及温度、胆盐、pH值、人工胃液和肠液的耐受性及溶血性的考察。结果表明:肠道内容物中有多株可以抑制指示菌和产酶的细菌,其中有2株不仅具有较好的抑菌性能,而且同时具有蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的活性,其中N65菌株的抑菌性能和产酶活性最好。N65菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌的亲缘关系最近,综合其形态特征鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。N65菌株发酵上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌、产气荚膜梭菌、无乳链球菌、大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌均有较好的抑制效果,抑菌谱广,而且具有良好的温度、胆盐、pH值及人工胃液和肠液的耐受性,并且溶血率低,无溶血风险。说明猪肠源型枯草芽孢杆菌N65具有较好的抗逆、抑菌、产酶等益生特性,具有开发为饲用抗生素替代类功能性微生态制剂的潜力。

     

    Abstract: In order to screen out pig gut-derived Bacillus subtilis with excellent biological activity, and to provide excellent bacterial strain resources for the development of differentiating functional microecological preparation, in this experiment, heat-treated healthy pig intestinal contents were used as the isolation matrix and Staphylococcus aureus as the indicator bacteria, and strain screening was carried out by bile salt tolerance isolation, indicator bacteria confrontation culture and enzyme production test. The morphological characteristics of the strain and the 16S rDNA gene sequence were identified. In addition, the agar diffusion method was used to investigate the bacteriostatic spectrum of the supernatant of strain fermentation, and tolerance and hemolysis on temperature, bile salt, pH value, artificial gastric fluid and intestinal fluid. The results showed that there were multiple strains in the intestinal contents that could inhibit indicator bacteria and enzyme-producing bacteria. Among them, 2 strains not only had good bacteriostatic performance, but also had the activities of protease, amylase, cellulase and xylanase, in which N65 strain had the best bacteriostatic performance and enzyme-producing activity. The N65 strain was closely related to Bacillus subtilis, and based on its morphological characteristics, it was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The N65 strain fermented supernatant had good inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, with a wide antibacterial spectrum, and had good tolerance on temperature, bile salt, pH value and artificial gastric fluid and intestinal fluid, and had low hemolysis rate, with no risk of hemolysis. The results suggested that pig gut-derived Bacillus subtilis N65 had good tolerance, bacteriostatic and enzyme-producing properties, and had the potential to be developed as a functional microecological preparation for feed antibiotic replacement.

     

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