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不同品种谷子饲草产量、营养品质及饲用品质的综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of forage yield, nutritional quality and feed quality of different foxtail millet varieties

  • 摘要: 为了解黑龙江地区谷子的饲用生产潜力,提高谷子秸秆饲用化的科学性与实效性,并为饲用谷子育种提供优质种质资源,试验测定了24种谷子的生产性能指标(鲜草产量、干草产量和干鲜比)、营养品质指标(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维及粗纤维)及饲用指标(有机质消化率、相对饲喂价值),并采用方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析及均方差系数赋予权重法对不同谷子品种进行了综合评价。结果表明:24种谷子的鲜草产量为26 468.93~39 740.65 kg/hm2,其中晋谷21、赤优金苗1号鲜草产量分别为39 740.65,39 604.58 kg/hm2,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。干草产量为7 466.84~12 319.60 kg/hm2,其中晋谷21、山西红谷、陇谷13干草产量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。干鲜比为0.24~0.31,其中晋谷21、龙谷25、中谷2号、豫谷18的干鲜比最高,均为0.31,显著高于除山西红谷、大同29、张杂谷13、朝谷58和豫谷35之外的其余15个品种(P<0.05)。24种谷子的粗蛋白、粗脂肪及粗纤维含量分别为7.92%~10.93%、3.25%~6.49%、30.08%~38.26%,其中张杂谷13、嫩选18的粗蛋白含量显著高于除晋谷21和公谷88外的其他品种(P<0.05),长农35、龙谷38粗脂肪含量显著高于除赤优金苗1号、嫩选15外的其他品种(P<0.05),中谷9号的粗纤维含量最高(38.26%),显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。晋谷21的酸性洗涤纤维含量最高,为35.77%,显著高于除九谷23外的其他品种(P<0.05);公谷88的中性洗涤纤维含量最高,为57.46%,显著高于除济谷22外的其他品种(P<0.05)。赤优金苗1号、陇谷13、中谷2号的有机质消化率居于前3位,分别为54.95%、53.06%、52.81%。朝谷58的相对饲喂价值最高,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。综合评价值与干草产量、干鲜比、有机质消化率、相对饲喂价值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);长农35、晋谷21、张杂谷13、朝谷58、赤优金苗1号可聚为一类并且综合评价值较高。说明长农35、晋谷21、张杂谷13、朝谷58、赤优金苗1号可以作为黑龙江地区优良饲草资源推广应用。

     

    Abstract: In order to understand the forage production potential of millets in Heilongjiang Province, improve the science and effectiveness of millet straw feeding, and provide scientific and practical efficiency of millet straw feeding, and provide high quality germplasm resources for forage millet breeding, the performance indexes(fresh grass yield, hay yield and dry-fresh ratio), nutritional quality indexes(crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber) and feeding indexes(organic matter digestibility and relative feeding value) of 24 millet varieties were determined. The comprehensive evaluation among different millet varieties was carried out by variance analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and weighted mean square error coefficient. The results showed as follows: the fresh grass yields of 24 varieties were 26 468.93-39 740.65 kg/hm~2, among which the fresh grass yields of Jingu 21 and Chiyou Jinmiao 1 were 39 740.65, 39 604.58 kg/hm~2, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.05). Hay yield ranged from 7 466.84 to 12 319.60 kg/hm~2, and hay yield of Jingu 21, Shanxi Honggu and Longgu 13 was significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.05). The dry-fresh ratio ranged from 0.24 to 0.31, and the dry-fresh ratio of Jingu 21, Longgu 25, Zhonggu 2 and Yugu 18 was the highest(0.31), which was significantly higher than that of other 15 varieties except Shanxi Honggu, Datong 29, Zhangzagu 13, Chaogu 58 and Yugu 35(P<0.05). The contents of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber of 24 varieties were 7.92%-10.93%, 3.25%-6.49% and 30.08%-38.26%, respectively. The contents of crude protein of Zhangzagu 13 and Nenxuan18 were significantly higher than that of other varieties except Jingu 21 and Gonggu 88(P<0.05). The crude fat content of Changnong 35 and Longgu38 was significantly higher than that of other varieties except chiyou Jinmiao 1 and Nenxuan 18(P<0.05), and the crude fiber content of Zhonggu 9 was the highest(38.26%), which was significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.05). The acid detergent fiber content of Jingu 21 was the highest(35.77%), which was significantly higher than that of other varieties except Jiugu 23(P<0.05). The highest neutral detergent fiber content of Gonggu 88 was 57.46%, which was significantly higher than that of other varieties except Jigu 22(P<0.05). The organic matter digestibility of Chiyou Jinmiao 1, Longgu 13 and Zhonggu 2 ranked the top 3, which were 54.95%, 53.06% and 52.81%, respectively. The relative feeding value of Chaogu 58 was the highest and significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.05). The comprehensive evaluation value was significantly positively correlated with hay yield, dry-fresh ratio, organic matter digestibility and relative feeding value(P<0.01). Changnong 35, Jingu 21, Zhangzagu 13, Chaogu 58 and Chiyoujinmiao 1 could be grouped into one group and had high comprehensive evaluation value. These results indicated that Changnong 35, Jingu 21, Zhangzagu 13, Chaogu 58 and Chiyou Jinmiao 1 could be used as excellent forage resources in Heilongjiang.

     

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