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我国奶牛业种养结合模式发展的困境及对策

Development predicament and countermeasure of the combination mode of planting and breeding of Chinese dairy industry

  • 摘要: 随着规模化奶牛养殖的发展,大量粪污的产生导致环境污染问题日益严峻。近年来,我国大力支持发展种养结合模式,该模式不仅能降低奶牛业的生产成本,还能推动奶牛业的可持续发展。笔者首先综述了我国奶牛业种养结合模式的发展现状,然后总结了我国奶牛业种养结合模式发展过程中存在的一些问题,即奶牛场土地不足、奶牛场缺乏优质饲草(料)、奶牛场粪污处理技术不成熟、农户参与种养结合模式的积极性不高、有机肥供需缺乏有效衔接、奶牛场与农户之间利益联结不紧密。最后针对上述问题,提出了以下对策建议:完善土地流转机制;提高牧草料的种植技术水平;加大科研投入,提高养殖场粪污处理技术水平;积极发展合作社组织,促进种养一体化发展;加强政府的引导作用,制定种养结合的激励补偿政策。

     

    Abstract: With the development of large-scale dairy farming, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious due to the production of a large amount of manure. In recent years, China has given strong support to the development of the combination of breeding and breeding mode, which can not only reduce the production cost of dairy industry, but also promote the sustainable development of dairy industry. The author firstly summarized the current situation of the combination mode of planting and breeding of Chinese dairy industry, and then concluded some problems existing in the development process of the combined model of breeding and cultivation of Chinese dairy industry. That is, there was insufficient land in dairy farms, lack of high-quality forage material in dairy farms, immature manure treatment technology in dairy farms, low enthusiasm of farmers to participate in the combination mode of planting and breeding, lack of effective connection between organic fertilizer supply and demand, and loose interest connection between dairy farms and farmers. Finally, in view of the above problems, the following countermeasures and suggestions were put forward: perfect the land circulation mechanism; improve the planting technology level of forage; increase the investment in scientific research, improve the level of manure treatment technology; actively developing cooperative organizations to promote the integrated development of planting and breeding; strengthen the guiding role of the government and formulate incentive and compensation policies for combination of planting and breeding.

     

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