Abstract: In order to investigate the differences of blood physiological and biochemical indexes and immune factors in sheep reared under different climatic conditions in Xinjiang, in this study, the prolific Suffolk sheep were selected as the research objects in Tumushuke（southern Xinjiang） and Beitun（northern Xinjiang）. Neck venous blood of sheep and meteorological date of breeding area were collected.The sixteen physiological indexes were measured by automatic hematology analyzer; nine biochemical parameters were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer, and seven immune factors were measured by using ELISA method. The meteorological data and the contents of indexes were analyzed by statistical method. The results showed that air temperature was the key climate factor in two areas. Basophilic granulocyte, neutrophilic granulocyte, basophilic granulocyte percentage, neutrophilic granulocyte percentage, monocyte percentage, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin content, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration platelet, mean platelet volume, platelet pressure, γ interferon, interleukin-1β, interleukin-12 and interleukin-8 in blood of multiple Suffolk sheep in Beitun breeding area were extremely significantly higher than those in Tumushuke（P＜0.01）. Meanwhile, the number of monocyte and the contents of immunoglobulin G were significantly higher than those in Tumushuke culture area（P＜0.05）. However, the activities of alanine aminotransferase, cholinesterase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase and the contents of albumin, serum phosphorus and serum iron were extremely significantly lower than those in Tumushuke（P＜0.01）. The results indicated that air temperature could affect the contents of blood physiological and biochemical indexes and the immune factors of the prolific Suffolk sheep. In order to adapt to the climate of drought and high temperature, the contents of partial blood physiological indexes and immune factors in the blood of sheep were decreased, and the contents of blood biochemical indexes were increased.