Abstract:
In order to solve the problem of low efficiency in traditional breeding models, the author has planned and designed a 3 000-dairy-goats farm in Fuping County, Shaanxi Province. The site selection strictly followed the provisions of the Management Measures for Pollution Prevention and Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, and met the requirements of land use development planning in the region, industry standards, and national standards, that is, it was located at a distance of over 1 000 meters from urban residential areas, markets, schools, drinking water sources, transportation arteries, and other places, as well as over 3 000 meters from other livestock and poultry farms, slaughterhouses, and processing farms. According to the principles of flat and dry terrain, sufficient water, electricity, forage resources, and convenient transportation, the selection of pig farm was carried out. The dairy goat breeding farm area mainly included three parts: living management area, production area, and fecal treatment area. The living management area was located at the entrance and exit of the main farm area in the windward direction, with disinfection pools, staff dormitories, restaurants, offices, etc. The production area was the core of the farm, mainly consisting of disinfection rooms, nine goat houses(one breeding ram house, one pregnancy goat house, one lamb house, one breeding goat house, five lactating goat houses), a milking hall, the feed processing area, medicine bath, and veterinary room, and goat shed adopted a dual row layout. The fecal treatment area was located downwind of the farm, including harmless treatment area, fecal treatment area, and isolation room. The dairy goat shed adopted a double-slope semi-open warm shed facing north and south. The walls were stacked with ordinary clay bricks, and the slope of the warm shed was supported by hot-dip galvanized steel pipes with a string skeleton structure, covered with polyvinyl chloride(PVC) coated canvas and felt. There were 14 symmetrical double row pens in the shed, with 7 pens in each row, and each pen was equipped with a sports field 1.5 times its area. The shed was equipped with a hard plastic leaky floor and a fecal scraping device. The manure is collected and transported to the fecal treatment area for biothermal fermentation. Fish eye panoramic network cameras in the shed, and day and night semi-spherical network cameras were installed in the sports field to achieve sheep inventory and abnormal situation monitoring. A fan was installed in the sheep shed to facilitate ventilation and air exchange. The farm was equipped with a rotary milking machine, and the controller on each station could monitor the milking status of the dairy goat in real-time, and find the abnormal situations during the milking process in a timely manner, and ensure the yield and quality of milk. The results indicated that reasonable scale design and perfect supporting facilities were the basis for standardization of each breeding link during the new construction of the sheep farm; timely analysis of production data and scientific feeding management process could improve the economic benefits of the farm.