Abstract: In order to study the mechanism of ASIP in the formation of coat color in Chinese Merino fine wool sheep, the skin tissues of 3 wild type pure white, 20 pure white, 8 brown and 10 black ASIP gene-edited fine wool sheep with good body condition were selected. The skin tissue structure and melanin distribution differences were compared by H.E. staining technique. The expression and localization of ASIP protein in the white, brown and black skin tissues of ASIP gene-edited fine wool sheep were detected by immunohistochemical staining technique. The results showed that the skin of wild-type and ASIP gene-edited fine wool sheep was composed of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous connective tissue, and the epidermal layer was the thinnest. Melanin particles were mainly distributed in the hair follicles and hair stem of black and brown ASIP gene edited Chinese Merino sheep skin tissue, and the melanin particles were more densely distributed in black than in brown skin tissue, while no melanin particles were found in wild type white coat and ASIP gene edited Chinese Merino sheep skin tissue. ASIP protein was abundant in the epidermis, outer root sheath of hair follicle, and the hair matrix around hair papilla of ASIP gene edited Chinese Merino sheep with white coat, but was almost absent in brown and black skin tissue. These results indicated that the expression of ASIP protein in specific parts was related to the occurrence of white coat color of Chinese Merino wool sheep edited by ASIP gene.