Abstract: Gene editing technology is used to modify the target gene, which is widely used in biological breeding, disease model building and other research fields. CRISPR/Cas9 system is composed of CRISPR array composed of repeat and spacer units and a Cas gene locus. It is a simple, accurate and efficient technology that can conduct targeted gene editing for biological traits. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is widely used in gene editing of livestock and poultry by introducing different forms of modification, such as gene knockout, gene knockin, deletion, point mutation and single nucleotide mutation, to study the function of key genes of livestock and poultry, so as to accelerate character improvement. Compared with other livestock and poultry such as pigs and chickens, the research of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in sheep is relatively backward. This paper focused on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in functional gene validation of sheep breeding, and briefly summarized the research progress and prospects of its application in meat production traits, fiber traits, lactation traits and human disease models, in order to provide reference for the sustainable development of sheep industry in China.