Abstract: Grassland pasture carries multiple functions of herders’ production and livelihood and ecosystem diversity, but with the gradual loss of ecological functions due to grass-livestock conflicts, overloading and overgrazing, and lack of management, the study of eco-efficiency has attracted much attention.To understand the ecological efficiency of grassland animal husbandry in Ili River Valley, and to further promote the ecological sustainable development of agricultural and pastoral areas, in this study, the super-efficiency energy based models（EBM） was used to measure the ecological efficiency of grassland animal husbandry in Ili River Valley from 2001 to 2020. Malmquist index was used to analyze the dynamic changes of the average ecological efficiency of grassland animal husbandry, and Tobit model was used to analyze the influencing factors. The results showed that from 2001 to 2020, the ecological efficiency of grassland animal husbandry in the Ili River Valley showed an overall fluctuating upward trend, rising from 0.835 to 1.147. From 2001 to 2003, there was a large gap among counties, with the highest ecological efficiency reaching 1.579 in Xinyuan County and the lowest ecological efficiency reaching 0.539 in Zhaosu County. The eco-efficiency gap between counties was gradually narrowing. The spatial polarization of ecological efficiency of grassland animal husbandry in Ili River Valley was obvious, and the regional differences were gradually reduced, showing a “club” convergence pattern of “uneven aggregation”, and the ecological efficiency was developing well on the whole. Technological progress was the key factor driving the growth of total factor productivity and the improvement of ecological efficiency. The lag of scientific and technological level restricted the development process of grassland animal husbandry in this area. The sunshine hours, the level of animal husbandry industrialization, the total number of tourists at the end of the year and the radiation effect of policies were the main factors affecting the ecological efficiency. Therefore, the author suggested that the government should take green ecology as the first priority, rationally plan pasture construction land, establish a linkage mechanism between ecological compensation and sustainable development, pay attention to the popularization and promotion of grassland animal husbandry science and technology, and improve the agglomeration ability and utilization efficiency of various factors in the region through reasonable allocation of resource elements.