Abstract: In order to investigate the genotypic distribution and genetic diversity of bovine-derived Theileria annulata populations in Yutian County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in the experiment, firstly, a total of 443 blood samples of cattle suspected to be infected with Theileria annulata were collected from 10 townships in the County（Aqiang Township, Kalakeer Township, Koekya Township, Mugala Towns, Siyeke Township, Xianbaibazha Towns, Yingbage Township, Jiayi Township, Aoyituogelake Township, and Arixi Township）. After extracting genomic DNA, PCR was performed to detect the Tams1 gene of bovine-derived Theileria annulata, and the number of positive samples and the positive rate of bovine-derived Theileria annulata were counted in the 10 townships. Then, among the townships where positive samples were found, two positive samples were randomly selected from each township for sequencing; the sequencing results were analyzed for homology and together with the reference sequences; an NJ phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the genotypes; finally, the genetic diversity of bovine-derived Theileria annulata populations in Yutian County was analyzed. The results showed that among 443 cattle blood samples, 93 samples were positive, with a positive rate of 20.99%. Nine of the 10 townships were positive for bovine-derived Theileria annulata, with the positive rate ranging from 10.45% to 45.45%, with Aqiang Township having the highest positive rate. Jiayi Township were negative. The nucleotide similarity of the Tams1 gene sequences of the 18 strains of Theileria annulata ranged from 76.0% to 100%; the nucleotide similarity between two positive samples from the same township ranged from 91.0% to 100%. These 18 bovine-derived Theileria annulata were not all clustered into a single branch in the NJ phylogenetic tree, and some strains even showed closer affinity to other domestic and foreign reference strains, but all were the G1 genotype. The number of polymorphic loci in the G1 genotyped Theileria annulata populations in Yutian County was 119; the nucleotide diversity was 0.053; the average number of nucleotide differences was 28.95; the number of haplotypes was 12; and the haplotype diversity was 0.895. Tajima’s D value and Fu and Li’s F value were both less than 0.The results suggested that G1 genotyped Theileria annulata populations in Yutian County had high genetic diversity and was expanding.