Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between planting area, breeding scale and the efficiency of dairy farming, based on the micro-survey data of dairy farmers, this study used data envelopment analysis（DEA） to measure the efficiency of dairy farming in households, and used Malmquist index to analyze the effects of breeding combination on the improvement of dairy farming efficiency in households. At the same time, Tobit model was used to analyze the effects of planting area and breeding scale on breeding efficiency. The results showed that the total factor productivity of dairy farming was 1.072 2, which was greater than 1.000 0, and the combination of planting and breeding was helpful to improve the efficiency of dairy farming. Under the separation of farming and breeding, the planting area significantly positively affected the pure technical efficiency at the level of 10%, and under the combination of farming and breeding, the planting area significantly positively affected the pure technical efficiency at the level of 5%. The expansion of planting area was conducive to the improvement of dairy farming efficiency of peasant families. In both breeding separation and breeding combination mode, the farming scale had a significant positive effect on the farming pure technical efficiency at the level of 1%, and expanding the farming scale was conducive to improving the farming efficiency of dairy cows. In view of this, the author proposed to encourage and support dairy farmers to carry out the combination of planting and breeding; encourage dairy farmers to appropriately expand planting and breeding scale; strengthen the publicity and training of dairy farmers’ breeding techniques.