Abstract: Adiponectin, as an important adipokine, participates in the homeostasis of the immune system, disease development and other important processes by regulating the number, function, cell signaling pathway and inflammatory response of immune cells. Adiponectin is involved in regulating the apoptosis and proliferation of immune cells and plays an important role in the life cycle regulation of immune cells. Elevated adiponectin levels in vivo can increase the number of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, and promote the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and B cells. Adiponectin can also regulate the expression of surface markers CD80, CD86 and CD40 of immune cells, and affect the homeostasis of the whole immune system by affecting the number and function of immune cells. In addition, adiponectin can regulate the activation and proliferation of immune cells by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway. Adiponectin can also inhibit the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and reduce the inflammatory response of immune cells. Adiponectin not only plays an important role in normal immune regulation, but also plays a key role in immune regulation of diseases. In this paper, the progress of adiponectin’s involvement in the regulation of immune function by influencing animal immune cells was reviewed, in order to provide theoretical reference for exploring the molecular mechanism of adiponectin regulation of the immune system and finding new therapeutic targets for immune-related diseases.