Abstract: Placocheilus cryptonemus is a kind of plateau economic fish endemic to Nujiang river basin, Yunnan Province, China. Transcriptome sequencing of Placocheilus cryptonemus was performed on Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the MicroSAtellite（MISA） software was used to identify microsatellites with 1～6 bases repeated and base number over 10 bp. The results showed that a total of 30 500 SSR sites were found at the transcriptome level,distributing in 36 764 Unigene, and the number of SSRs containing sequences was 18 078, with the occurrence frequency of 49.17%. In the obtained simple SSR, there were 215 types of repeat primitive, among which the number of single nucleotide repeat primitive types was the largest（88）. SSRs with repeated 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 bases shawed an obvious decreasing rule, and SSRs with repeated 6 bases were the least. The frequency of SSR repetition mainly occurred between 6～10 and 11～15 repetitions, with the frequency of 38.59% and 36.02%, respectively. This study performed transcriptome sequencing analysis of Placocheilus cryptonemus, obtained a large number of SSR markers, and summarized SSR distribution characteristics of P. cryptonemus. This study not only provided a valuable transcriptomic resource, but also established a set of SSR markers, which can provide effective molecular markers for basic and applied research of Placocheilus cryptonemus.