Abstract: Gansu Province is rich in mineral resources, where acid mine drainage（AMD） and surrounding soils in the mining area are rich in acidophilic microorganisms, which has considerable research value. In this study, the composition, similarity and functional composition of bacterial communities in AMD and surrounding soils of four mining areas in Gansu Province were analyzed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial species composition of the coal mine samples GNM was the most abundant. The gold mineral sample LNJ1 and the purple gold ore sample LNZJK had the most similar bacterial composition, and the species of the copper mine BYT were similar with gold mineral sample LNJ1. In contrast, the bacterial composition was farther between LNJ1 and LNJ2 which were from the same region. Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were major bacterial phyla in all samples, among which Proteobacteria had the highest abundance. The bacterial genus of Acinetobacter, Nocardioides and Blastococcus in Actinobacteria showed higher abundance; the bacterial genus of Exiguobacterium and Bacillus in Firmicutes showed higher abundance, and the abundance of Exiguobacterium was extremely high. It is found that the microorganisms in the four metal mine samples LNJ1, LNJ2, BYT and LNZJK had strong functions of amino acid transport and metabolism,carbohydrate transport and metabolism and transcription compared with the coal mine samples GNM, as well as the lower functions of energy production and transport, inorganic ion transport and metabolism by functional predi ction. By exploring the bacterial diversity in AMD and its relationship with heavy metals, we can understand the microbial community structure in AMD sampling area, in order to excavate more abundant strains with heavy metal resistance for bioleaching, environmental restoration and other fields.