Abstract: Hypertension（high blood pressure） is a chronic disease with persistently high arterial blood pressure. If the blood pressure continues to exceed 130/80 or 140/90 mmHg（systolic/diastolic pressure）, it may be hypertension.Hypertension can be divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension, of which 90%～95% are primary hypertension and 5%～10% are secondary hypertension. With the deepening of people’s understanding of the multiple risk factors of cardiovascular disease and the protection of heart, brain and kidney target organs, the formation mechanism, pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria of hypertension have a new understanding. This paper systematically summarized the formation mechanism and pathophysiology of hypertension, proposed the most appropriate range of blood pressure according to the specific situation of patients, and adopted targeted treatment measures and nursing countermeasures.