Abstract: Nilapavata lugens（Brown planthopper, BPH） is the most important pest in rice production. The study on the rice-BPH interaction has contributed to the cultivation of new rice varieties. In this paper, the resistance genes to BPH isolated from cultivated and wild rice varieties, the roles of the saliva proteins of BPH, rice and BPH metabolites, and symbiotic microorganisms in the rice-BPH interaction were reviewed. At present, 40 resistance genes have been identified in rice. The signal transduction of BPH feeding turns on the expression of resistance genes and changes in defense mechanisms, including the sieve tube closure, production of secondary metabolites,and induction of protease inhibitors. There are also many symbiotic microorganisms in BPH, which may play a certain role in the growth, development, and adaptive rice resistance of BPH. However, there are still many details to be studied in the proposed model of rice and BPH molecular interaction.