Abstract: Goat milk is an ideal substitute for milk allergy patients. TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technologies were two edge tools for human-based transformation of goat milk. It can combine with endonuclease,which recognizes and combines gene locus of organism specifically, and cuts DNA double strand. It causes double strand break, and the repair approaches of homologous recombination（HR） or nonhomologous end joining（NHEJ）were used for editing. The mammalian milk protein genes or other organism genomes were modified precisely and orientatively, which were simple, efficient, precise and directional. It was a new biotechnology in recent years and widely used in gene engineering, animal and plant genetic breeding and other biomedical fields. However, there is no report on the application of these two gene editing technologies in the "humanization" of goat milk. In this review, in order to provide reference value for relevant researchers, we summarized the basic structure and mechanism, development history, research progress of goat milk gene editing, study status of our research group and prospects of the two gene editing technologies.