Abstract: To study the control effect of rapeseed cake fertilizer on banana Fusarium wilt, and to explore the effect of rapeseed cake fertilizer application on soil bacterial community, two groups of experiments were set. CN group was the rapeseed cake fertilizer treatment group, and YN group was the control group. After 120 days of planting,the incidence of each group was calculated and the number of FOC4 spores in the two groups was detected by qPCR; Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform was used to analyze and compare the structure and difference of soil bacterial community between CN treatment group and YN control group. The experimental results were as follows:（1） The incidence of wilt diseasen CN treatment group was 63.33% lower than that of YN control group; The number of FOC4 spores in the soil treated with rapesseed cake fertilizer decreased from 2.94 ×104 number/g soil to 1.96×103 number/g soil, and the number of FOC4 spores in the soil in YN control group increased from 2.94×104 number/g soil to 4.55×105 number/g soil. The number of Fusarium wilt bacteria in the CN treatment group decreased by 2 orders compared with that in YN control group;（2） The results of soil bacterial metagenome microbial classification sequencing showed that the Alpha diversity index of CN treatment group was better than that of YN control group, which indicated that the application of rapeseed cake bio-organic fertilizer increased the abundance and diversity of soil bacterial community;（3） At the gate level, the rapeseed cake fertilizer increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Patescibacteria; At genus level, the relative abundances of Acinetobacter, Aquabacterium, Thermonas, Rhodanobacter, Pseudomonas and Ottowia in CN treatment group were significantly higher than those in YN control group, while those of Acinetobacter, Bryobacter and Acidipila were higher than those in YN control group. Application of rapeseed cake fertilizer can change the community structure of bacteria in the soil, significantly reduce the number of FOC4 spores in the soil, so as to reduce the incidence of banana Fusarium wilt. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of banana Fusarium wilt with rapeseed cake fertilizer.