Abstract: Microsatellite primers were screened by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 7 pairs of highly specific polymorphic primers were selected from the 20 pairs of microsatellite polymorphic primers screened in our laboratory, and microsatellite genetic diversity analysis was conducted on 3 populations of introduced groups of Datnioides pulcher. The results showed that a total of 31 alleles were detected in the 7 microsatellite loci detected,and the number of alleles（Na） at each loci ranged from 3 to 7. The average number of alleles was 4.429, the average number of effective alleles（Ne）was 3.122, the average observed heterozygosity（Ho） was 0.668, and the average expected heterozygosity（He） was 0.655. The mean number of alleles（Na） of the three introduced populations was 5.000, 4.500 and 4.140, the mean observed heterozygosity（Ho） was 0.700, 0.625 and 0.636, and the mean expected heterozygosity（He） was 0.695, 0.635 and 0.635, respectively. The PIC values of XDR, KD and JG were0.630, 0.574 and 0.540 respectively. It can be seen that the genetic diversity of the three populations is high, and the genetic distance of each population is far, so there is a certain degree of genetic differentiation. The genetic diversity of XDR population is high, so it has certain genetic potential as a selective breeding population.