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一株海洋发光细菌的鉴定及其在水质检测中的应用

Identification of A Marine Luminous Bacterium and Its Application in Water Quality Monitoring

  • 摘要: 海洋具有丰富的微生物资源,从海洋分离微生物并对其进行鉴定及功能性开发是研究海洋微生物的重要方向。本研究利用平板划线法从近海捕获的鲻鱼体表分离出1株发光细菌JXLB,通过培养特性、革兰氏染色、生理生化特征分析和16S rRNA基因序列等分析对其进行分类鉴定,并开展了在水质检测方面的应用探索。结果表明:JXLB适宜在低盐环境(1%~3%Na Cl)中生存,在18℃~28℃下均可生长、发光,其中24℃下培养物的荧光强度最强。JXLB为革兰氏阴性杆菌,有鞭毛,具有运动性,氧化酶、V-P试验、淀粉水解、甲基红等试验均表现出阳性反应,能发酵葡萄糖、蔗糖、丙三醇等产酸。JXLB的16S rRNA基因序列与Photobacterium carnosum的同源性达99.8%,系统进化树显示,与Photobacterium carnosum构成一个分支,确定JXLB属于Photobacterium carnosum,并发现JXLB发光强度与水体中有害物质浓度具有相关性,可应用于水质快速检测。本研究分离得到的发光细菌JXLB属于Photobacterium carnosum,能够作为指示菌应用于水质检测。

     

    Abstract: The ocean is rich in microbial resources. It is an important direction to isolate and identify microorganisms from the ocean and develop applications. Luminescent bacterium JXLB was isolated from the surface of mullet captured offshore by using the streak-plating method. Its classification was conducted via culture characteristics,Gram staining, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Its application in water quality monitoring was explored. The results showed that JXLB was suitable for living in a low-salt environment(1%~3% NaCl) and could grow and emit light at 18 ℃~28 ℃, and the strongest fluorescence intensity was at 24 ℃. JXLB was Gram-negative bacilli with flagella, and showed positive reactions in motility,oxidase, V-P test, amylolysis, methyl red assay. JXLB can ferment glucose, sucrose, and glycerol to produce acid.The sequence of 16 S rRNA gene analysis showed that JXLB had a homology of 99.8% with Photobacterium carnosum. The phylogenetic tree proved that JXLB formed a branch with Photobacterium carnosum, which confirmed that JXLB belonged to Photobacterium carnosum. Furthermore, we found that the luminescence intensity of JXLB was correlated with the concentration of harmful substances in water and can be applied to rapid detection of water quality. In summary, the isolated luminescent bacteria JXLB belongs to Photobacterium carnosum, and can be used as indicator bacteria in water quality monitoring.

     

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