Abstract: Cytoophidium is a "rod" or "ring" structure composed of metabolically related enzymes. Inosine-5’-monophosphate dehydrogenase（IMPDH） is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the de novo biosynthetic pathway of guanine nucleotides and plays a very important role in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, maintenance of body balance and metabolism. The study found that IMPDH2 protein can be assembled into a special structure of protein polymer fibers, named IMPDH2 cytoophidia, the structure was a natural biological phenomenon related to purine metabolism, as a fine-tuning protein adapted to the intracellular and extracellular environment changes. This article reviews the structure of IMPDH2 and IMPDH2 cytoophidia, the assembly process and the influencing factors of IMPDH2 cytoophidia.