Abstract: Cas9/sgRNA（single-guide RNA）, a simplified derivative of CRISPR/Cas system, is gradually replacing zinc-finger nucleases（ZFNs） and transcription activator like effector nucleases（TALENs） due to its simple design, low cost and good repeatability, and is widely used in genome editing. After the modification of CRISPR/Cas system, it can be applied to high-throughput screening technology. Meanwhile, with the completion of whole-genome sequencing of numerous aquatic organisms and the rapid development of whole-genome screening technology, the research process of gene function of aquatic organisms will be greatly promoted. In this paper, the development of CRISPR/cas9 gene editing technology is introduced from the aspects of research history, system structure and simplification, and the application progress of CRISPR/cas9 gene editing technology in zebrafish and other aquatic organisms is reviewed in detail.