Abstract: Rice（Oryza sativa L.） is one of the largest food sources in the world, and its yield and quality are related to tillering and inflorescence structure development. Previous studies on inflorescence development have identified a large number of genes related to vegetative growth and reproductive growth of rice, but the genetic mechanism of inflorescence development and heading date has not been fully understood. In this study, we used the previously constructed recombinant inbred line（RIL） with spikelet abnormal development phenotype to explore the molecular mechanism of spike abnormal development and spike defect（pds1） phenotype regulation through transcriptional expression profile analysis. Through the screening of differentially expressed genes（DEGs）, the genes possibly related to pds1 phenotype were identified. Among the six groups of differentially expressed genes, 1 578, 463, 1 295, 687, 397 and 175 differentially expressed genes were identified respectively. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis（WGCNA）, four gene modules highly correlated with pds1 phenotype were found in this study. Through the function enrichment analysis of the genes included in each module, the biological processes related to inflorescence development were idendified. Then, several highly correlated hub genes were identified in these modules, such as flowering promoting factor OsFKF1（Os11 g0547000） and TCP transcription factor OsTB1（Os03 g0706500）. The results showed that the abnormal development of spikelets and the phenotype of heading defects in rice might be caused by the genetic interaction of genes related to spikelet development regulation. This provides a valuable reference for further exploring the regulation mechanism of panicle elongation defect.