Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of mitochondrial genome of Usnea lapponica and the evolution level of the mitochondrial genome of Usnea. In this study, the mitochondrial genome of U. lapponica was sequenced, assembled and annotated to obtain the complete mitochondrial genome of this species, which was compared with that of other species of Usnea. The mitochondrial genome of U. lapponica was a closed circular DNA molecule with a size of 61 782 bp, and the base composition showed an AT preference. There were 41 genes, including 14 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 25 transporter RNA genes. Gene sequencing and colinearity analysis in U. lapponica showed that gene rearrangement and homologous gene cluster loss occurred among species. Repetitive sequence analysis showed that there were abundant repetitive sequences in U. lapponica. The number of repetitive sequences in the Usnea mitochondrial genome varied greatly, most of which were forward and palindrome repeats. Simple sequence repeats（SSR） were mainly di-nucleotide and penta-nucleotide, and the content of A+T was high. Among the 14 protein-coding genes shared by the mitochondrial genome of Usnea, only cox2 had a Ka/Ks value over 1 which was under positive selection pressure, and the remaining 13 protein-coding genes were under purification selection pressure. Colinearity analysis, repeat sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that there were a closer relationship between U. lapponica and U. subfusca. This study revealed the mitochondrial genome sequence information of U. lapponica, enriched the lichen genome research data, and provided data support for genome comparison, genetic differentiation, resource protection and phylogenetic development of Usnea.